Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control that interferes with flexibility, efficiency, and interpersonal relationships.
Symptoms typically emerge in adolescence or early adulthood and include an excessive devotion to productivity, an inability to delegate tasks, rigid adherence to rules and schedules, and a need for everything to be perfect, often at the expense of completing tasks.
Unlike obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), where obsessions and compulsions are ego-dystonic and cause distress, OCPD behaviors are ego-syntonic—individuals with OCPD view their rigid standards and behaviors as correct and necessary.
This lack of insight often leads to social isolation, strained relationships, and occupational difficulties, as they may struggle with spontaneity, emotional expression, and delegating responsibilities.
OCPD is distinct from OCD despite overlapping features such as rigidity and ritual-like behaviors; the core difference lies in motivation—OCPD is driven by a desire for control and order, while OCD stems from anxiety and intrusive thoughts.
The disorder is relatively common, affecting an estimated 3% of the population, and is diagnosed twice as often in males, though some evidence suggests equal prevalence between genders.
Risk factors include genetic predisposition, negative life experiences, and early attachment issues.
Comorbidities are frequent, including anxiety, mood disorders, substance use disorders, and other personality disorders.
Treatment primarily involves psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps address maladaptive thought patterns and improve interpersonal functioning; medications such as SSRIs may be used to manage co-occurring anxiety or depression.
